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Gulf Fritillary
Scientific Name: Agraulis vanillae
Family Name: Nymphalidae
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The Gulf Fritillary is one of several longwings occurring in North America. Although this species is superficialy similar to the true fritillaries, some taxonomists do not consider the relationship to be a close one. Longwing caterpillars feed on passion vines (Passiflora spp.), making both the larvae and adult butterflies toxic to many predators. Female Gulf Fritillaries have an organ at the tip of their abdomen called a "stink club," which emits strong scents (pheromones) that either attract or repel males, depending on the female's receptive state. Identification: Wingspan 2 1/2 - 2 7/8 inches. Above: deep orange-red with tiny white spots on forewings and black spots scattered over both wing surfaces. Below: brown to orange with prominent metallic silver markings on both wings. Habitat: Subtropical woodlands, fields, roadsides, and parks. Range: Resident in South Florida, Texas, Arizona, and California; emigrates to Long Island, Wisonsin, and Colorado. Life Cycle: Caterpillars feed on passion flowers (Passiflora spp.). Adults, several flights. [Walton, Richard K., National Audubon Society Pocket Guide; Familiar Butterflies of North America, Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., New York, 1996]
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